Explain the ethical significance of the Sermon Essay Example for Free

Clarify the moral importance of the Sermon Essay The Sermon on the Mount is one of the key segments of the New Testament, in which Jesus expands upon the Decalogue to frame the primary plan of Christian morals. Jesus was lecturing in direct complexity to the Greek way of thinking of apathy, which tried to isolate man from his feelings. Feelings, particularly love, highlight vigorously in the Sermon on the Mount. It remains morally pertinent more than 2000 years after the fact for some reasons, the first is the basic standards behind it. Jesus didn't come to abrogate Old Testament law, however to satisfy it. The Jews were caught in an arrangement of cruel legalism, where dutifulness was spurred by dread instead of affection. The Pharisees made an amazing presentation of blessedness by keeping the law, yet the Sermon on the Mount instructs that their hearts were unfilled. Jesus based on the Ten Commandments to make a framework administered by benevolence, love and devotion to God. Regardless of whether the way of life changes the essential moral standards behind the lesson don't change. It is an ethical code that focusses as much on internal good mien as it does our outer activities: Jenkins composed, â€Å"inner consideration and mentality is significant. † Even on the off chance that a normally decent activity is performed with evil idea, at that point it gets corrupt. The most significant thing to acknowledge about the Sermon on the Mount is that it is unimaginable for anybody to keep it totally, as it requests flawlessness. Despite the fact that they will never be liberated from transgression in this life, Christians utilize the lesson so as to attempt to turn out to be progressively similar to Jesus, who was great. The Sermon is about Christian blessing. Jesus talks not just on what Christians ought to do to be good, however he likewise clarifies why it is imperative to be moral in any case. He expresses that Christians are the salt and light of the world. Salt is noteworthy on the grounds that it speaks to virtue, protection and flavor. In this way we comprehend that Christians ought to keep up a decent moral code so as to set a guide to society and to safeguard it from complete defilement. The picture of the light is likewise key: in the Bible light consistently represents happiness and gift. A light is obvious to all, thus the Christian should look to make Christ noticeable to all through their activities. A light is additionally an admonition, speaking to the Christian’s obligation to affectionately caution their individual men about their wrongdoing. Further on in the Sermon Jesus rebukes that, â€Å"If the light then inside you is obscurity, how extraordinary is that haziness! † Furthermore, the Sermon on the Mount gives numerous particular instances of Christian morals, the first is with respect to kill. Jesus likens outrage to murder, and talks about the flames of damnation. This is in opposition to the contemporary universalist perspective on Jesus and his demise which has driven a few researchers to guarantee that when he talks about hellfire it is simply figurative. In any case, Jesus is insisting that you can't be directly with God until you are directly with your kindred men, which all identifies with the salt-and-light notoriety of a Christian. Jesus additionally instructs about infidelity and sexual ethical quality. Again he compares the internal sin of desire to the outward sin of infidelity. He likewise pronounces that wedding a separated from lady considers infidelity, a piece of the Sermon that even Christians have started to ignore. This is in opposition to the Old Testament where Moses allowed †however didn't order †separate due to the mercilessness of the individuals. The cozy connection between a couple reflects the relationship Christ imparts to his Church, which is the reason sex includes so profoundly in Christian morals. Love, when completely comprehended. Is opening oneself to another totally and can succeed just where trust and loyalty are available. In this way, another piece of the Sermon on the Mount that is morally critical would be the place Jesus manages how we ought to identify with others. The guidelines set by Jesus are so high it is simple for Christians to look downward on those that are battling. Jesus, ever a carpenter’s child, utilizes the allegory of the bit in your brother’s eye and the board in your own. We are for the most part delinquents and it would be profoundly misleading to pass judgment on another when we are additionally imperfect. We never know the entire anecdote about somebody and it is difficult to be unbiased in our judgment. The Jews knew about the idea of adoring your neighbor and not making a decision about him, yet they didn't feel the equivalent about their adversaries. Jesus instructed us to show agape love towards our adversaries. Such love doesn't normally originate from the heart, yet is rather should be placed without hesitation through one’s own will. As Jesus was lenient and excusing to delinquents, so we ought to be. This is crucial to Christian morals. Another moral part of how we identify with others is the means by which we treat the individuals who are less fortunate than us. It isn't sufficient to just lecture them, however we should deal with their physical needs just as otherworldly. Jesus stated, â€Å"Give to him who asks of you, and don't get some distance from him who needs to acquire from you. † Charitable giving was a key piece of Jewish life, however Jesus included another component: it was just moral whenever finished with the right inspiration. The Greek word deciphered as faker in the Bible actually implies ‘actor’. This is the reason Jesus orders us to give covertly, in case we become pretentious. Also, there is a positive eschatological angle to the Sermon on the Mount as it reaches to a determination. This underscores to the Christian how their morals are endlessly huge and will be considered on the Day of Judgment. Jesus expresses that couple of will enter the Kingdom of Heaven and that not all that claim to put stock in him as Lord will be spared. He cautions of bogus prophets who will come in sheep’s attire; in this circumstance the morals introduced in the Sermon on the Mount are fundamental so a Christian can distinguish who is a genuine adherent. We are not spared by works, yet they are a significant piece of our Christian character. The Sermon on the Mount additionally has certain fervent tones all through. It shows the unbeliever what is expected of them in the event that they follow Jesus, and the extreme outcomes in the event that they don't. Spurgeon composed of this entry, â€Å"The shepherd best recognizes his own sheep, and the Lord, Himself alone knows reliably them who are His. † To finish up, there are clashing hypotheses in regards to the idea of the Sermon †certain scholars, for example, Calvin trust it is an assemblage of many separate messages. Others banter specialized subtleties, for example, regardless of whether it was lectured on a mount or a plain. In any case, something that each Christian will concur on is that the Sermon on the Mount is of the highest significant as an establishment for Christian morals. Stott stated, â€Å"The Sermon on the Mount is presumably the most popular piece of the instructing of Jesus, thought seemingly it is the least comprehended, and surely it is the least complied. †

A study on Penis free essay sample

Penis (plural penises or penes) is a general term for the organs with which male and bisexual creatures bring sperm into responsive females during lovemaking. Such organs happen in numerous creatures, both vertebrate and invertebrate, yet guys don't bear a penis in each creature species, and in those species where the male bears a purported penis, the penes in the different species are not really homologous. For instance, the penis of a well evolved creature is all things considered practically equivalent to the penis of a male creepy crawly or barnacle. The term penis applies to numerous regenerative intromittent organs, however not to all; for instance the intromittent organ of most cephalopoda is the hectocotylus, a specific arm, and male creepy crawlies utilize their pedipalps. In many types of creatures in which there is an organ that may sensibly be depicted as a penis, it has no significant capacity other than intromission, or if nothing else passing on the sperm to the female, yet in the placental warm blooded animals the penis bears the distal piece of the urethra, which releases both pee during pee and semen during sex as the event requires. We will compose a custom article test on An examination on Penis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Blue Whale has the biggest penis of any living being on the planet, commonly estimating 8-10 feet. Substance [hide] 1 In various creatures 1. 1 Vertebrates 1. 1. 1 Mammals 1. 1. 2 Other vertebrates 1. 2 Invertebrates 2 Etymology 3 See additionally 4 References 5 External connections In various creatures Vertebrates Mammals Further data: Sexual generation in male warm blooded creatures For the male human sexual organ, see Human penis. Penis of an Asian elephant. Likewise with some other real quality, the length and bigness of the penis can be profoundly factor between people of similar species. In numerous creatures, particularly warm blooded animals, the size of a limp penis is littler than its erect size. A bone called the baculum or os penis is available in many well evolved creatures yet missing in people and ponies. In well evolved creatures the penis is separated into three parts:[1] Roots (crura): these start at the caudal fringe of the pelvic ischial curve. Body: the piece of the penis reaching out from the roots. Glans: the free finish of the penis. The inner structures of the penis comprise for the most part of enormous, erectile tissue, which is an assortment of blood sinusoids isolated by sheets of connective tissue (trabeculae). A few well evolved creatures have a ton of erectile tissue comparative with connective tissue, for instance ponies. As a result of this a ponies penis can develop in excess of a bulls penis. The urethra is on the ventral side of the body of the penis. Steeds have a vascular penis. When non-erect, it is very limp and contained inside the (prepuce, or sheath). The retractor penis muscle is moderately immature. Erection and bulge happen step by step, by the expanding distension of the erectile vascular tissue in the corpus cavernosum penis. Bulls, rams and hogs have a S-molded penis with a sigmoid flexure which fixes during erection. Bulls have a fibro-flexible penis. Given the modest quantity of erectile tissue, there is little development after erection. The penis is very unbending when non-erect, and turns out to be much progressively inflexible during erection. Bulge isn't influenced much by erection, yet more by unwinding of the retractor penis muscle and fixing of the sigmoid flexure. [2] Canids, including hounds, have a bulbus glandis at the base of their penis. During intercourse the bulbus glandis grows and brings about a tie (the male and female mutts being integrated). Muscles in the vagina of the female help the maintenance by contracting. Felines have thorned penises, with about 120â€150 one millimeter long in reverse pointing spines. [3] Upon withdrawal of the penis, the spines rake the dividers of the females vagina, which is a trigger for ovulation. When in doubt, a warm blooded animals penis is corresponding to its body size, yet this shifts extraordinarily between species †even between firmly related ones. For instance, a grown-up gorillas erect penis is around 4 cm (1. 5 in) long; a grown-up chimpanzee, essentially littler (in body size) than a gorilla, has a penis size about twofold that of the gorilla. In correlation, the human penis is bigger than that of some other primate, both with respect to body size and in outright terms. [4] In the domain of total size, the littlest vertebrate penis has a place with the regular wench (5 mm or 0. 2 inches). Precise estimations of the blue whale are hard to take on the grounds that the whales erect length must be seen during mating. [5] Most marsupials, with the exception of the two biggest types of kangaroos, have a bifurcated penis, isolated into two segments, so the penis has two finishes relating to the females two vaginas. [6] Neither marsupials nor monotremes have a baculum. Echidnas have a four-headed penis, however just two of the heads are utilized during mating. The other two heads shut down and don't develop in size. The heads utilized are traded each time the warm blooded animal has intercourse. [7] It has been proposed that the state of the human penis may have been chosen by sperm rivalry. The shape could have supported uprooting of fundamental liquids embedded inside the female conceptive tract by rival guys: the pushing activity which happens during sex can precisely expel original liquid out of the cervix region from a past mating. Different vertebrates Most male feathered creatures (e. g. , chickens and turkeys) have a cloaca (additionally present on the female), yet not a penis. Among winged animal species with a penis are paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a not many different animal varieties, (for example, flamingoes). A winged animal penis is distinctive in structure from warm blooded creature penises, being an erectile development of the cloacal divider and being raised by lymph, not blood. It is normally incompletely feathered and in certain species highlights spines and brush-like fibers, and in flabby state twists up inside the cloaca. The Argentine Blue-bill has the biggest penis corresponding to body size all things considered; while typically about a large portion of the body size (20 cm), an example with a penis 42. 5 cm long is archived. Male turtles and crocodiles have a penis, while male examples of the reptile request Squamata have two combined organs called hemipenes. Tuataras must utilize their cloacae for propagation. [9] In certain fishes, the gonopodium, andropodium, and claspers are intromittent organs (to bring sperm into the female) created from adjusted blades. The spine-secured penis of Callosobruchus analis, a Bean weevil. Spineless creatures The record for the biggest penis to body size proportion is held by the barnacle. The barnacles penis can develop to up to multiple times its own body length. This empowers them to arrive at the closest female. [5] In male bugs, the structure closely resembling a penis is known as aedeagus. The male copulatory organ of different lower invertebrate creatures is frequently called the cirrus. Various invertebrate species have autonomously developed the mating procedure of awful insemination where the penis infiltrates the females mid-region and stores sperm in the injury it produces.

Startup Hubs Around The World Los Angeles

Startup Hubs Around The World Los Angeles The City of Angels is famous for its movie stars, its balmy climate and its sports teams. One of the most recognizable cities in the world, it draws visitors from around the world. With so many areas of success, it is only natural that making a move towards becoming a startup hub is the next frontier Los Angeles seeks to conquer. © Shutterstock.com | blvdoneLos Angeles is in close proximity to the number one startup hub in the world: Silicon Valley. In recent years, however, a rising number of entrepreneurs have chosen Los Angeles over its famous neighbor. To find out why, we’ll explore 1) the location, 2) the tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) specialization of the area, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONGeographical BenefitsThe city of Los Angeles (LA) is located in southern California and is the second highest populated city in the United States, trailing only New York City. Ethnically, it is one of the most diverse areas in the US, drawing residents from over 140 countries including the Philippines, Korea, and Mexico. The rich diversity of the city lends itself to becoming a startup hub that welcomes entrepreneurs from all over the world; no matter where the entrepreneur is from there will most likely be an established community in LA to make settling in easier.Thi s diverse city can also be a benefit for entrepreneurs who want to engage with customers (and potential customers) from around the world. Selecting a city that already has an established network and a thriving cultural interchange can help to springboard ideas into reality as a product is field tested within the marketplace.A coastal city, LA offers residents the warmth of a subtropical climate. Mild winters and predominantly sunshine filled days attract visitors and residents. The ‘livability’ of LA offers much to draw entrepreneurs who are relocating. Geographically, Los Angeles is situated within easy reach of most major cities in the world. The convenience of living in a city that is already a thriving metropolis simply adds to the allure of the city for the entrepreneur.Advantages to choosing the cityAs one of the most populated cities in the US, LA has an extensive network of transportation options. An exhaustive network of freeways and roads connects the city to other maj or cities on the California coastline. However, the sheer magnitude of the number of people living in the city virtually guarantees that the roadways are in a constant state of gridlock. Interestingly enough, however, the average commuter on an LA freeway spends less time on the way to work than their counterparts in New York City or Chicago. Finding alternative means of transportation is essential for anyone who tries to navigate through the LA road system.Fortunately, there are viable alternatives; mainly in the form of public transportation. Subways and rail cars crisscross the city, offering easy access to the major points of the city’s landscape. The third busiest commercial airport in the world (LAX) is another means of accessing the world outside Los Angeles. In addition there are other, smaller airports scattered nearby that provides additional opportunities for air travel. A port city, LA boasts one of the largest cruise ship centers in the world, along with an extremely busy container port. Entrepreneurs working in LA can take advantage of the close proximity to travel options and the available means to connect with investors who may be looking for a company to invest with.Selecting Los Angeles as a startup city provides the entrepreneur with an established network of resources that many cities lack. Banking, legal resources, technology, affordable housing and living necessities are all readily available in the City of Angels â€" making it an easy choice when looking for a city to set up shop.Welcome to LA: Your video guide to Los Angeles startup ecosystem TAX INCENTIVESOne of the downfalls of the Los Angeles area as a startup hub is the lack of viable tax incentives. Recent mayor candidates proposed changes to add tax incentives as a way to discourage the ‘brain drain’ that seems to be happening after college graduation. Los Angeles is home to an extensive number of universities and colleges. Adding programs that would allow for students to re main in the city post-graduation would encourage workers to become innovators.Studies have indicated that graduates of LA colleges and universities return to their original home after graduation. This brain drain could be eliminated by offering some form of incentive to the graduate to extend their stay and work. Applying their innovation and classy right The addition of well-educated innovators can increase the entrepreneurial spirit of the city, and help to encourage other college graduates to consider careers in innovation.A lack of a tech corridor in the city is another area that should be easy to remedy. Adding city-owned properties allows for companies to be centrally located. This neighborhood feel to innovation hubs allow the entrepreneurs to encourage each other, to help each other as needed and provide support along the way.The lack of a central innovation center, coupled with a low tax incentive program seems to be to areas where LA is weakest. The last several elections have brought out the candidates who have offered solutions to the city’s entrepreneurial problems. Finding the solutions may be bigger than one politician can work out, but gradual changes that can be implemented over time may be the best approach. Instead of trying to implement everything they’ve been doing at one time, adding small incremental changes will begin to snowball overtime.Finding ways to add tax incentives, whether through specially designated hub zone areas or through tax credits for entrepreneurship, should be a major item on the city’s “To-Do” list.LEGAL INCENTIVESSimilarly, the startup scene needs to have legal incentives to setup in the Los Angeles area. Navigating the legal requirements needed to establish a startup is not difficult. However, the tax and legal codes may sometimes be confusing. It is advisable, then, that the entrepreneur hires legal counsel that is proficient in startups. Ensuring that the proper paperwork has been filed will allow the e ntrepreneur to focus on running their company, without worrying about corporate filings and other details.The process of establishing a company in LA is relatively streamlined, and can typically be handled by either a legal or accounting professional. Small business advisors can assist the entrepreneur with the necessary requirements as well.INVESTORSWith a huge amount of talent and resources, it seems odd that there is a lack of funding available for entrepreneurs. Home to over 2,000 startups, Los Angeles is bursting with innovation, and very little venture capital. The entertainment industry is hesitant to invest its money into technology, and the mix of the music industry and technology often ends poorly (see: Napster and Bittorrent). Finding a way to increase the number of investors and venture capitalists who can see beyond the glitz of Tinsel Town and spot the tech hub must be one of LA’s top priorities.The lack of local investors in startups can be addressed by increasing a wareness of startups and their needs. The bigger hurdle is to convince investors to turn their attention to the tech world. According to one study, the average startup investment ranges from $25,000 to $30 million. In Los Angeles, however, the average investment is $4 million dollars.LA is beginning to establish incubators and accelerators that offer support and resources to the fledgling startup players. With experienced innovators, the entrepreneurs are being coached and mentored by people who have working knowledge of the startup world. This offers great promise for the subsequent success of startups that are following in their footsteps. The global startup community is ever shrinking â€" investors are coming from around the world to be a part of the new work that is being done in Los Angeles. With the increased attention, entrepreneurs have the opportunity to make connections with investors and potential customers. There is already a high level of excitement in the city of Los A ngeles â€" adding entrepreneurship simply enhances the already bustling city. LOCAL RESOURCESLos Angeles is often referred to as the ‘creative capital of the world’. Estimates claim that one out of every six residents work in some form of a creative industry. Whether that industry be film, or music, or sports, the cultural climate of LA is teeming with creativity. Home to the motion picture industry’s headquarters, Hollywood, LA is considered to be the motion picture epicenter of the world. With such a variety of creative activity, it is no wonder that experts claim LA to be one of the world’s favorite places to go.One of the indicators of an entrepreneurial startup hub is the existence of a rich cultural life. There is a direct correlation between creative thought and entrepreneurship. In this regard, then, Los Angeles is a prime location for startups. With such a varied creative culture in the city, there is much to use as inspiration and motivation.More museums per capita in the world are tucked in the streets of LA (841 of them) â€" offering visitors a chance to peruse art galleries, contemporary art and traditional art museums. The city has an extensive number of performing arts centers, the Los Angeles Music Center and other venues for enjoying your favorite form of relaxation.Comparatively speaking, LA is an affordable place to live. With low housing costs and an established and reliable infrastructure, the city has a head start over other entrepreneurial hubs. However, encouraging tech developers to move to the film capital of the world may require more than a low rent.Using the thriving movie industry as an enticement is another means of using local resources wisely. With the entertainment industry centered on the city of Los Angeles, that can be used to an advantage for the movie buff or digital media expert who loves to be in the middle of the excitement. SPECIALIZATIONSurprisingly, in spite of the movie-focused intent of the city, media tec hnology is not the main specialization of its startups. Mobile services and engineering are leading the way as the two primary specializations of the area. Following a close third is the entrepreneurial entertainment industry.The entertainment industry in Los Angeles is thriving, and the entrepreneurial startup community is racing to catch up. Finding innovative ways to maximize entertainment and technology is a strategic advantage that entrepreneurs in LA have over other startup cities.Services such as multi-channel networks are a prime example of this intersection. The next generation of cable networks, MCNs allow YouTube channels to increase content promotion, add monetization or manage the network.Tech staffers in the LA area are highly skilled, in many ways, even more so than the techies of Silicon Valley. The LA entrepreneur has established skills as an engineer with a focus on communication, music, cinema and more. This combination allows the entrepreneur to develop solutions and connections to such industries as technology and gaming, fashion and video. By seeking new and innovative combinations, the LA startup market is always rich with new ideas and solutions.The viable business climate of LA has successfully attracted technologies and other venture capital interests. With a reliable internet infrastructure, companies can depend on the internet to power media and technology needs. The entrepreneurial climate of LA is welcoming to startups at every level; some have begun and failed miserably.This was the case with MySpace, one of LA’s most famous startups. MySpace’s takeover and rebirth as a leaner program gave techies experience in the entrepreneurial world, as well as a nest egg that they used to springboard into new companies. The entrepreneurs took their skills, along with their newfound wisdom on how to establish a successful company and springboarded them into a series of other, equally as successful companies. A few of their second time aro und success stories? Snapchat â€" an instant messaging service that fades messages away after a few seconds and Gradient X it sold to a Singapore firm just a month after its beta launch.STARTUPS TO WATCHDogVacay: An online community for dog lovers and owners, it matches up owners with available pet sitters in the local area. With options for in-home or out of home care, it lets pet owners select exactly the amount of care they want for their beloved pet.Tradesy: Using the mantra “Shop your Own Closet’, Tradesy capitalizes on the inherent packrat tendencies that many people have. Allowing users to trade items that they may have and no longer want or need, Tradesy helps keep items out of closets (and landfills).Dollar Shave Club: An ‘awesome’ razor club, Dollar Shave Club delivers razors straight to the subscriber’s mailbox. With one handle and four razors each month, each kit delivers exactly what is needed.Zefr: A startup that uses YouTube, Zefr offers legalized sports, T V, or movie clips for users to upload to their website. A powerful form of advertising that is just now being maximized to its full capabilities.ChowNow: An online customer management platform for restaurants. Through online marketing and resources, ChowNow is a full service management plan and ordering platform for eating establishments.With the variety of industries that already exist in LA, it makes sense that they would next turn their attention to entrepreneurial efforts. Harnessing the talent and energy that is used in the media platforms, they have the resources needed to become a powerhouse in the startup world in a short amount of time. Innovators have the opportunity to develop new forms of entertainment technology, as well as business tools that can have applications in a variety of fields. The eyes of the world are already on Los Angeles, giving the global community a front row seat for the innovations being developed there.

John Calvin Essay - 1770 Words

At an early age, John Calvin found his calling to God to the chagrin of his father, who wanted him to be a lawyer. This calling to God helped Calvin bring about changes to the church. Even though Calvin traveled to some isolated spots in Europe preaching his sermons, the changes occurred all throughout Europe and then into the Americas. All these changes began humbly in France in the early 1500s. According to Lord, John Cauvin or Calvin as we know him, was born July 10th, 1509 in Noyon, which is in the Picardy region of France (a cathedral city), and died in 1564 in Geneva, Switzerland. He was born to a notary, Gerard Cauvin and his wife Jeanne Le Franc, Calvin was one of five sons. His mother died when he was young and when his†¦show more content†¦In 1533, Calvin went back to France where there was a great deal of commotion going on. All of these new ideas were now reaching scholars, the courts and other circles of people. In 1534, as French parishioners were coming out of church, they had found a large piece of paper from Switzerland posted on the church door condemning the mass. This led to the royal repression, where the French government went around arresting or killing as many French protestants as they could (Hunt, Martin, Rosenwein, Hsia Smith, 2009). Calvin was forced to take refuge with some other reformers at a castle in Pau with Queen Marguerite of Navarre (King Francis Is sister: she was a noble name in church history). After living this fugitive life style for a while he decided to flee to Switzerland, where at twenty six he published the writings of his catechism, Institutes for the Christian Religion. He published these works with a bold preface addressed to King Francis I to help convince him that protestants were of no threat to his rule, but that did not work (Lord). The Institutes for the Christian Religion consists of four books. Book one is the knowledge of God, the creator; book two is the knowledge of God the redeemer, in Christ, as manifested to the fathers; book three is the the mode of obtaining the grace of Christ and book four is the external means to which God allures us into the fellowship of Christ and keeps us in it (Smith, 2003). According to BoettnerShow MoreRelatedAn Essay of John Calvin932 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Calvin was born on July 10, 1509 in Noyon, France. In those days the most important man in Noyon was a bishop whom Calvins father was a secretary to. It was a factor that made his father decided that Calvin would get a religious education. At fourteen his father sent him to the University of Paris to be trained to be a priest by studying theology. He received a thorough conservative training in Catholic faith at this university. His fathers affairs with the bishop fell out, again playingRead MoreJohn Calvin Research Paper1427 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Calvin Research Paper John Calvin was born in July 10, 1509, Noyon, Picardy, France. He died in May 27, 1564, Geneva, Switz. His education career was a mixture of both theologian and statesman because he study law at the University of Paris. Beside that he also get exposed to Renaissance humanism that influenced by Erasmus and Jacques. Even though Calvin study law but he only do it for his father will, of wanting him to become a lawyer. However, throughout the course of his life, he is primarilyRead MoreMartin Luther And John Calvin1069 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther and John Calvin were both leaders in the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was a monk, or priest, in the Augustinian friars’ order and his ideals were that Catholicism were corrupting the New Testament beliefs and people were saved by faith alone not by buying their way into heaven. 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It was typical of Calvin that he gives us virtually noRead MoreJohn Calvin s Influence On Church History During The Age Of Reformation970 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Calvin was a timid man who indeed left an influence on church history during the Age of Reformation. He took on the task of reforming Geneva. Geneva was a city in disorder because of â€Å"its recent rejection of the Duke of Savoy and the pope in Rome had left public affairs in shambles, torn by dangerous factions† (Shelley p256). â€Å"William Farel had been preaching in Geneva for four years, but Geneva’s Protestantism re sted chiefly on political hostility to the bishop, not doctrinal convictions† (Shelley

What Were Vespasians Famous Last Words

Perhaps deliberately following the tradition of his predecessor Claudius, Emperor Vespasian kept his wit about him as he lay dying, from diarrhea, as Julius Cicatrix explains in Imperial Exits. The gossipy Roman biographer Suetonius [see Roman Historians] reports Vespasian said, Vae, puto deus fio which can be translated Woe is me. I think Im turning into a god. This wasnt what Suetonius says is his final sentence. It is one the emperor uttered when when his distemper first seized him, according to the biography. And it is what people think of when they refer to Vespasians famous last words. Suetonius actually says he refers to his imperial dignity.   The reason for this curious joke is that emperors were often deified upon death. Here is the relevant passage from the Public Domain English translation of Suetonius on this site: Not even when he was under the immediate apprehension and peril of death, could he forbear jesting. For when, among other prodigies, the mausoleum of the Caesars suddenly flew open, and a blazing star appeared in the heavens; one of the prodigies, he said, concerned Julia Calvina, who was of the family of Augustus [771]; and the other, the king of the Parthians, who wore his hair long. And when his distemper first seized him, I suppose, said he, I shall soon be a god. [772] Famous Last Words FAQs What Were Caesars Famous Last Words?What Were Neros Famous Last Words?What Were Emperor Vespasians Famous Last Words?

Leadership is an abstract idea that accommodates many descriptions Free Essays

Leadership is an abstract idea that accommodates many descriptions which all seek to harmonize the meaning and definitions that are associated with someone being a leader. In the social sphere, it can be regarded as the way in which some certain individual with desired characteristics like social responsibility take up the helms or control in social domains. This control is aimed at filling a vacuum that exists for the coordination of activities and the making of some crucial decisions for the well being of all. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership is an abstract idea that accommodates many descriptions or any similar topic only for you Order Now All this is aimed at accomplishment of certain personal or national goals. Mahatma Gandhi is someone who can be regarded as a leader by what he did for his country and the great feats that he achieved during his lifetime. He was born in India (1869- 1948) from not such an influential background but due to his dedication and devotion to his idealism in life, he arose through the ranks to become a national leader that was revered by all people. His political ambition was rekindled after he moved to Africa (South Africa) as an attorney and he saw the rampant abuse of human rights by the Transvaal’s discriminatory government which took him into the limelight as being a tenacious crusader of human rights. His fights and campaigns did not end there in South Africa but the ambition was developed onto a calling which later was culminated into his character. This was an instrumental step that led to development of his system of non violent defiance so as to achieve a common good for all. This worked for him when he returned to his mother country and led his country to independence from the British imperial masters (Fischer 23). Leadership is a venture that can be quite demanding and several traits are required of those that can merit the title of being a leader. On the forefront is sacrifice and a legacy of self denial always putting the interests of others (your subjects) before your own personal ambitions. This should be something that is inbuilt because learning it is a hard task that is almost impossible. It does not mean that you throw away your ambition in life and form new ones but rather it dictates that you integrate your ambition with greater ideologies that are expanded to cater for national interests. Synchronization of your interest in life with those of others in life will work best and this will be a key in avoiding conflict. Selflessness is one of the traits that are exhibited by Gandhi. He never took life as complicated but he denied himself luxuries and the good tidings that come with being a nationalistic leader. He led a simple ascetic life that served to make him more appealing to all people both poor and rich or mighty (Fischer 67). Leadership comes with an arduous task of dealing with all kinds of people from different walks of life. This calls for a sober mind and an all inclusive approach to life. All this is controlled by humility which is a requirement of a leader and not a necessity. Humility can guarantee you access and audience with all regardless of their social class. By being a humble person means that you will go out of your way to serve others and not wait to be served. Often most people associate leadership with being a boss over other people but it should be the other way round. In serving others, your leadership skills are enhanced and you get a one on one experience such that many people will regard you high as opposed to serving others and you one person, you will regard others high. This is one trait that made Mahatma Gandhi to stand out from the crowds. He was always out there serving others and more so the poor and those who are regarded as low in the Indian caste system. He even left his own caste and went down to lower caste (that was for predominantly poor) and tried to raise its social status and put it at par with other social castes. This made him a champion of fighting for rights of the poor and the minority. Approach to leadership should be broad minded and not narrow. It has for a long time been taken that advancing racial, ethnic or even tribal can warrant you to be called a leader. This is the wrong approach to leadership since if you consider a country like US for instance, there are many people coming from different races, and different social backgrounds, their religious believes and faith are also divergent thereby for one to be a leader of such a community or nation, he or she must be nationalistic and not racial or regional in the way to approach issues that are affecting the country. In his lifetime, Gandhi was always striving for peace, harmony and good co existence regardless of ones religious inclinations or beliefs (Fischer 56). It is said that he studied all the major religions of the world (Christianity, Islam and Hinduism) in his quest for searching for truth which would promote national cohesion. When I was in high school, I was very much involved in sports and extra curricula activities. Actually, when I joined college it was on scholarship emanating from my athletic abilities. I indulged mostly in basketball where I played in the position of a forward. In a basketball game (in all sport for that matter) the ultimate goal is to win trophies and be the best in the sport. For a team to achieve this, all personal ambitions have to be shed for the benefit of the team. All the team members are gifted with different skills and individual talent in most cases can not win games but it is the combined efforts of the team members that win games and trophies. By the mere fact that you made the shortlist, was an indication enough that you were talented and capable of success. I was a forward and was selected as the team captain not that I was the best in the team but I had some characters that fitted a leader. It is often said that it is the people who designate you a leader and not you that designate yourself, therefore the coach had confidence that I could deliver as a captain and help my team win trophies. The best chance that arose for me to exhibit my leadership prowess was during one time in the conference finals where it was do or die to clinch the title. The game started well and proceeded on till the last dying moments when there were five minutes on the buzzer and we were trailing our opponents by five points. In basketball any body can score but that job is better left to the forwards because of their enhanced speed and accuracy. I was good at shooting but there was this guy who was a guard but he was not a regular in the first team. His advantage was that he was very good when it came to three pointers. Someone had to be axed so that this guy could be given a chance to even the scores and win the game for us. In the last time off, I convinced the coach to give that guy my chance so that he could use his prowess in shooting three pointers. The coach at first objected since I was the captain but later had to cave in and that is how we won the trophy because the guy did his thing and we emerged victorious in the end. Work cited Fischer, L. The essential Gandhi An Anthology. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1963. How to cite Leadership is an abstract idea that accommodates many descriptions, Essays

Economics of Innovation Management

Question: Write an essay on Economics of Innovation? Answer: Introduction Economic is study of the consumption, production and distribution of the goods and services. It is study of the data, chart and pivot table. It shows the how society fulfill their basic need and desire i.e. survival which requires food, clothes and shelter. Economic is depending upon the demand and supply of the goods and services. The economics of standard is study about the role of standard in the competitive process. It helps to industry or organization diffusion. The ole of the standard in the public sector company is to support the standard development of the organization. Diffusion is a hypothesis, which shows the how advancement and new technology spread throughout the cultures and the society. The diffusion explains the why and how practices and new ideas adopted for the spreading for long period. An operating system software components of a mobile or computer, which is responsible for the coordination and management of the activity and sharing the resources of the mobile and computers. The operating system is an application program, which runs on the machine. It handles the details of the operation of the hardware of the computer or mobile. It makes easier to write application and manage the details about the application. The computer or mobiles include all most same types of operating system. It provides large number of services for application users as well as application program. The operating system operates the services like application of system call and program interface. The users can request for the services from the operating system, received the result from the operation and pass parameter. The users can type the command and using the graphic with the interaction of the operating system. The technology diffusion is the process by which of new ideas, technology, new process and new management spread with the economic. The technology helps to development and growth of the economy of the globe (Rosefielde, 2013). Literature Review The windows and the apple both are the operating system. The contribution of this assignment is too empirically and theoretical study which affect of the operating system on the product of the price for the retailers as well as whole sellers. The effect of operating system has focus on the competition between manufacturers but it does not effect on the retailers price. As per (Costantini and Mazzanti, 2013), the empirical research shows the price of the manufacturer in the market. In this assignment, operating system shows the effects of the operating system across different mobile and computers as well as laptops. The assignment makes further contribution by the estimating the dynamic development of the operating system. The windows 98 upgrade from window 95. The windows 98 called windows 97 previously but now it upgrade. The company believes that users want to use potential resources at low cost for the web technology. Development of Window Operating System Now a days Window is very essential for every individuals as well as corporate. It makes easily work. Microsoft launched the windows 1985. Microsoft launched Window 1.0 2.0 at 1990. It shows the fundamental aspect of the operating system. It allow to users to click to access the windows. Windows 98 founded in June 1998; it comes with number of new technology. It is the first windows, which helps to access the internet explorer. The users found that there is no difference between assessing the documents. Windows 2000 founded in February 2000, it launched specially for the laptop system or business desktop to run the software, which is, connect with internet explorer. The uses of the windows were printing the documents, access the internet site, access the file and network resources (Wessner, 2012). Windows XP founded in October 2001. In this operating system, the users can connect internet through wireless network. It was best selling product at that time in the market. Windows Vista was found in November 2006. It was more reliable, secure and easy to operate than Windows XP. It detached the problem in the hardware before the computer operates. It helps to protect the generation threat and helps to run the program faster than XP. Window 7 was found in October 2009. It came with latest technology like start up time, multi-touch support, improved performance and internet explorer 8. It also helps for virtual hard disk and improved windows. Windows 8 launched in 2012. It is totally difference from the Windows 7. The users can get confused to operate this operating system. The computer can start within second rather than minutes. It was advanced technology. The Microsoft also launched some operating system in the mobile devices. Windows Mobile was found in April 2000. It designed to operate similar desktop in the mobile as well as for look attractive for the phones. Windows Mobile 6.5 designed for the enterprise mobile and computing the devices. Microsoft launched Windows Phones in November 2010. The consumer of these mobile phones more than the computers. These phones helps to users to access the internet explore in the mobile itself. The Microsoft Company launches the upgraded window with the technology within the market. The company wants to update their operating system with new version and try to make easy to operate and carry. Development of Apple Operating System The project started in 1978. The objective of this operating system was that to low cost computers, and easy to use by users on the average cost. It was for average consumers. The Apple used the Xerox Alto concept to make the operating system. Apple made operating system like menu bar, drag and drop, pop up menus and direct manipulation. The apple launched 64 KB Mac ROM after launched by IBM 8 KB personal computers and it hold operating system code. Apple designed the icons of the operating system, which represent the files and the folders as well as application software. The company designed Microsoft Windows 3.0 and gave the name Macintosh Finder. The company was very aggressive in the advertisement of their new machine as well as product and services. The company was purchase all 39 pages of the advertisement in 1984 for the promotion of the company. The company got successful and sold out all the processor. The company developed the product name MacWorks. Later this operating sy stem got name operating system of the Apple Company. The company launched its first version of Mac operating system, which called only System. This operating system is totally difference from other operating system like windows. The Mac was the first operating system, which use completely graphic user interface. This application used for the file management, which was displayed on the desktop. This application included like printer driver, which was interact with the system. In 1985 apple launches the DSP and a high optical disk drive (Deutschman, 2000). Threats of Microsoft Window According to Porters Five Force, model the threats of the Windows Threat of new entry the majority share of the users of the operating system is windows. The competitors of the Windows in the operating system are Apple and the Max operating system X. the buyer of the window may lose due to new entry of the Apple and Linux. The Microsoft need to reduce the cost with the components chooses and takes cost advantage. Threats of Rivalry the threat of rivalry of the windows has less. The price of this operating system was less than other operating system like Apple and MacOS X. Threats of Substitutes the Mac OS X and Apple have made advanced operating system so it affects the Windows. The consumers want new and advanced product and service. The cost of Apple operating system is higher than the Windows. Threats of the Powerful Suppliers all suppliers want to supply to the Microsoft. The Microsoft offers good price for the raw material compare to others. The only threat for the Microsoft that it required large number of physical items for the production. Threats of Powerful buyers Microsoft deal with every part of the computer as well as laptop, which also include copy of the latest version of the Windows operating system. The brand image of the Windows in the buyers perception is good. It affects to those consumer who do not want to buy the Apple or Mac OS X operating system (Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, 2011). Threats of Apple According to Porters Five Force, model the threats of Apple Threat of new entry the company has good brand image in the operating system market. Apple provides the ready market for supply of the services and goods. Apple give the 70 to 80 percent rate to their suppliers. The Next Google is the main threats for the Apple. If other similar company provides the online services like i tunes and audio with v card. Threats of the Powerful Suppliers the threat of this company in term of suppliers are supply of computer memory and processor. The companies who supply this item like IBM, Motorola and Intel. The suppliers of movies and television. If the other company will supply same product like Sony, Warner and Universal. Threats of Powerful buyers- the other company may give the same operating system at low price and better term. The consumers may reduce the money in the computers due to the downward growth of the economy. Threats of Substitutes the threats of substitute in the music system like XM and Sirius. The alternative is that to acquire the music through the CDs and DVDs. The alternative source for videos like cable, theatres and broadcast. Rise and Fall of Microsoft Vs Apple Now a day everyone follows, the modern technology industries watch Microsoft and Apple operating system. Apple can reduce the money on research and development cost. Microsoft dominated Apple last 20 years. Apple copied office and windows operating system of Microsoft every time. Microsoft gets benefits from the coping of operating system by Apple because Microsoft provides original operating system to the consumers. The battle took place between Microsoft and Apple last 20 years. The change began Microsoft Vs apple after coming of Steve Jobs at end of the last century. The Apple began with Apple Stores. Apple came out with IPod and iTunes. Microsoft started Windows XP and Windows Office. The company invested 10 billion of money to diversify itself to gain. Apple steeped up by ignoring of the Microsoft except wonderful commercial web and television. Apple came with media player like IPod and iTunes. Microsoft shipped new version of the operating system like Windows Vista and windows XP then windows7 and windows 8.it spent 10 billion amounts to diversify to gain (Ver, 2011). Microsoft gets down very badly for more than a decade and completely moved out from the mobile version. Microsoft reign the mobile device and the office business and windows was also decline. The company fails to publish facts and real number. The cloud revenue is gone up but the cost was also gone up. Apple sells everything well and earn profit and company will grow compare to Microsoft. Apple is able to report and count of the unit number of actual sells. Apple can also measure its profit and revenue in the major product lines. Therefore, Apple was growing and Microsoft was decline in the term of operating system. Microsoft and Apple tried to gone up during 1980 and 1990 but they cannot go up. When apple felt down then the Microsoft helped to apple to get up but apple did not help to Microsoft to recover. When apple collapsed under misdeed of the management then Microsoft put lock with illegal lock. Microsoft dominated for 20 years but apple suffered near death. Apple went bankrupt during the CEO of Steve Jobs. Apple remained nearby bankrupt while Microsoft became lazy technology and fat. Reference List David, P.A. "Clio and the Economics of QWERTY." American Economic Review 75 (1985),pp.332-37 Liebowitz, S. J., and S. E. Margolis. "Network Externality: An Uncommon Tragedy." Journal ofEconomic Perspectives 8 (1994): 133-150 Costantini, V. and Mazzanti, M. (2013). The dynamics of environmental and economic systems. Dordrecht: Springer. Deutschman, A. (2000). The second coming of Steve Jobs. New York: Broadway Books. Rosefielde, S. (2013). Asian economic systems. Singapore: World Scientific. Silberschatz, A., Galvin, P. and Gagne, G. (2011). Operating system concepts essentials. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Inc. Ver, M. (2011). Dynamic load balancing based on live migration of virtual machines. Wessner, C. (2012). Building Hawaii's innovation economy. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.

Revolutionary Mothers free essay sample

Carol Berkin masterfully presents a glimpse of the lives of the women who were affected by the Revolutionary War through many different eyes, views, and opinions in Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Independence. She paints a vivid picture in your mind of how the war affected these women by not focusing on one race or political view, but rather through multiple races and political views. Throughout this book, the author describes the women of the Revolution as courageous, yet intelligent, strong, yet resourceful. In Berkin’s writings, her admiration for these women is apparent. She describes how these women felt as if they new that they had very important roles in the war, however they didn’t see them as much more than supporting the men who actually were meant to run the country. As strong willed as many of these women were, they made weak attempts at equal rights during these male dominated times. We will write a custom essay sample on Revolutionary Mothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This book was given validity through supporting texts. Berkin used other authors such as Elizabeth Ellet to drive her points home. She is able to give even more personal insight from letter correspondences as well as diaries from women who were caught up in the midst of these times. Finally, Berkin uses documents such as the Philipsburg Proclamation, the Edenton Resolves, and the Book of Negroes as a foundation to much of the support or neglect thereof for the Americans. I believe that the author did an outstanding job of presenting the information in this book. Many authors would have tried to intertwine these women’s stories in order to make the story more interesting as a whole. Instead she sets aside a chapter to different groups she wants to go into detail discussing. For instance, she doesn’t try to compare and contrast the women who were on the home front to the women who followed the armies. Instead, she helps you realize the importance of both by devoting time to each group. This allows us to learn more about these women and get a grasp of what they really went through. The multiple number of resources Berkin used keep this book interesting. She does a good job of making sure there are notes in the back to go along with each chapter in the case that you want to, or need to, learn more about the chapter or to receive expanded content. Also, these notes give you a great resource for continuing your research on that chapters topic. I consider myself somewhat of a history buff. I had learned much about the wars and causes of the Revolutionary War. I had seen many documentaries about the war. This book however lent it’s hand to a completely different side of the war. You never learn about the women who are left at home, nor the women who follow the armies, nor the women who were acting as spies. My knowledge has been impacted greatly by this book. My eyes have been opened to a whole new side of the war that you never even knew existed. Overall I believe this book was a great, and relevant book for this course. I think it was interesting as a whole because of the extensive resources Berkin used. I will admit that there were some dry parts that I had to work my way through, but the knowledge gained was worth the fighting through.

Free Essays on Goethes Faust

Faust’s Trials Goethe’s Faust probes the belief that God knows man will err because he has reason, and free will. God does not damn man for sins he commits, because it is in his nature to err as long as they strive, but rather condemns those who ceases to strive towards any goal, and in doing so forsake God‘s will for peopling the earth. Giving proof to the statement â€Å"Idle hands do the Devil’s work.† Faust journey throughout the reading can be broken into three parts. He makes a pact with the Devil, (Removing himself from God’s path). He flounders along on that dark path for a number of years, (Following his desires, though they may not be what God had intended, yet still striving for something). Lastly Faust is saved and taken to paradise to be with God,( Thus ending up at the Destination that God has intended for him from the time of Faust‘s creation.) Let us first see why Faust should be, by traditional examples of sin, damned instead of saved. Faust’s first damnable act, (act 6 Faust‘s study 1), is his calling upon the devil, using pentagrams, and other rites forbidden by Christian tradition. Being a learned man, Faust would have known that these rituals alone would have been a sin, because they call for him to denounce God to gain the favor of the devil. Even if theses warnings did not fall on Faust’s ears, he is counseled by Mephistopheles in lines 1655-1660 of the price, and moreover the consequences of his partnership with the devil. â€Å"In this world I will cater For all your whims, to serve and wait on you; When we meet in the next world, some time later, Wages in the same kind will then fall due.† Interpreting this to mean Faust will be bound to Mephistopheles, we see he has broken one of the Ten commandments and gone against God’s way. Thus committing a sin, and departing from the path to Heaven. Throughout the book, most noticeably in the Witches kitchen, and Walpurgis night, Faust engages in ... Free Essays on Goethes Faust Free Essays on Goethes Faust Faust’s Trials Goethe’s Faust probes the belief that God knows man will err because he has reason, and free will. God does not damn man for sins he commits, because it is in his nature to err as long as they strive, but rather condemns those who ceases to strive towards any goal, and in doing so forsake God‘s will for peopling the earth. Giving proof to the statement â€Å"Idle hands do the Devil’s work.† Faust journey throughout the reading can be broken into three parts. He makes a pact with the Devil, (Removing himself from God’s path). He flounders along on that dark path for a number of years, (Following his desires, though they may not be what God had intended, yet still striving for something). Lastly Faust is saved and taken to paradise to be with God,( Thus ending up at the Destination that God has intended for him from the time of Faust‘s creation.) Let us first see why Faust should be, by traditional examples of sin, damned instead of saved. Faust’s first damnable act, (act 6 Faust‘s study 1), is his calling upon the devil, using pentagrams, and other rites forbidden by Christian tradition. Being a learned man, Faust would have known that these rituals alone would have been a sin, because they call for him to denounce God to gain the favor of the devil. Even if theses warnings did not fall on Faust’s ears, he is counseled by Mephistopheles in lines 1655-1660 of the price, and moreover the consequences of his partnership with the devil. â€Å"In this world I will cater For all your whims, to serve and wait on you; When we meet in the next world, some time later, Wages in the same kind will then fall due.† Interpreting this to mean Faust will be bound to Mephistopheles, we see he has broken one of the Ten commandments and gone against God’s way. Thus committing a sin, and departing from the path to Heaven. Throughout the book, most noticeably in the Witches kitchen, and Walpurgis night, Faust engages in ...

Working break down structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working break down structure - Essay Example (Brotherton, F &N, 2008). For instance range estimates from WBS package method may be used for element 1.2.2, where time estimate are located. In case this element begins on a holiday or weekend when suppliers have closed, the idle period may be inserted in the critical path. The elements of WBS helps in identifying resources needed for each element. In this case, the resources required are human resources, equipment resources, materials, and space. A WBS helps to allocate cost to specific work package, for example, labor, materials, equipment, and so on. In this case, 1.3.1 parts prepared will be allocated more costs estimates. WBS helps in identifying projects activities and sub-activities, and the tasks and subtasks. Each activity or task must be equal to the sum of its sub-elements. A WBS helps allocate time for a specific activity, for instance, incase, 1.2.1 begins on a weekend the individual who was supposed to perform the task may be assigned another

The Transition From Youth to Adulthood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Transition From Youth to Adulthood - Essay Example It is a journey adddressed in both The All-American Poem, by Matthew Dickman, and This is Our Youth, by Kenneth Lonergan The All-American Poem is a collection of poetry that describes a variety of experiences had by a young adult, most centered around either awakenings or memories. This Is Our Youth takes us along as two young men attempt to make a drug deal with a stolen fortune. Though the language is very different – The All-American Poem is lyrical and image-rich, This is Our Youth rough and conversational – they both reach a common conclusion: youth does not die easy. Both works characterize the transition from youth to adulthood with a period of denial, when a young person responds to an adult situation, or to the transition itself, in a childish way. Is Our Youth, for example, begins with a literal physical split between Warren and his father. Tired of Warren's pot habit, his father kicks him out of the house. Warren responds with a casualness that marks him as m ore childlike than he would care to admit: â€Å"...'there's some cash, now pack up your shit and get out before I beat your fuckin' head in. And I was like, â€Å"Whatever.' So he went on a date with his whore, and I packed up my stuff and left.† (Lonergan I.i) The leaving of one's childhood home is perhaps the most literal transition to adulthood, and here Warren responds with a shrug and one-word response worthy of any teenager. Although the langauge is less rough, a similar situation plays out in the poem â€Å"V† in The All-American Poem. The narrator is fantasizing about a girl, but the images of his fantasies are extremely childlike. â€Å"I could show her my comic books/And PlayStation. We could pull out/My old D&D cards/ and sit in the basement with a candle lit.† (Dickman 33) The contrast here between an adult action and youthful pastimes suggest that, like Warren, the narrator has not yet departed childish attitudes. Although these lines are mixed wi th references to physics and math, the lack of many adult references in this portion of the poem suggests that the narrator's thoughts are, like Warren's, more childish than he knows. The difference between the two characters, however, is that the poem's narrator engages in childlike thoughts and adult actions. Warren's situation plays out in an opposite way; the action of leaving home is adult, but his reaction to that leaving betrays a childish mindset. Childish thoughts aside, however, these situations describe the brink of adulthood in a way that becomes more obvious when the scales begin to tip. On the following page, the language of â€Å"V† becomes significantly more adult, with many sexual and physical references and stark language that startles in its transition from the poem's earlier innocence. Dickman writes, â€Å"It's been talking sleazy to all of us/And there's nothing about the hydrogen bomb/That makes me want to wear a cock ring,† and â€Å"Maybe she wants to be measured beyond/The teaspoon shadow of an anus†. (34) The more adult themes appear abruptly, invoking the image of a quick and violent change. Unsurprising because This is Our Youth is significantly longer than â€Å"V,† Warren's attitude takes longer to change. At first, he responds to his exile by stealing money from his father, with the same casual attitude: â€Å"....hopefully he'll think one of his cohorts ripped him off. Or, like, his slut did it.† (Lonergan I) But when he and his friend Dennis decide to take the money and buy

The Impacts Of The El Nino Environmental Sciences Essay

The Impacts Of The El Nino Environmental Sciences Essay Biodiversity refers to the sum of all life and its habitat. Biodiversity is the variety of life and the ecological systems which individuals are actively participating in. Biodiversity is important for maintaining ecological balance in nature. Some benefits of biodiversity include: human benefits, food, industrial and commercial products, medicines etc. Biodiversity hotspot refers to a bio-geographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction. Philippines, one of the worlds richest biodiversity in the world but also one of the most endangered areas in the world. The country contains many endemic species. 6000 plants and animals reside in forests that occupy barely 7% of the original hotspot. Today, the forests are removed for farming and development plans for the countrys growing population. The major issue is the decline of biodiversity hotspots in the Philippines  [1]  . By examining the environmental impacts, human impacts, p olitical impacts and the conservation strategies needed to maintain biodiversity hotspots in the Philippines, this research paper will aim to develop awareness and understanding of how the decline of biodiversity hotspots may be resolved. Human Impacts Philippines population of 80 million people survive using the countrys natural resources. With a high population growth rate, the demand for timber has increased. Logging activities have declined due to the deterioration of the forests; however, illegal logging activities are still present. Other threats to the countrys forests include mining and land conversion. In 1997, the mining industry occupied more than half of the remaining forests. Roads, waste, power, energy, ports and harbours are current issues to be addressed.  [2]   There have been negative impacts upon introducing the following exotic species to Philippines: fish such as the giant catfish and black bass; toads and frogs including the marine toad, the American bullfrog and leopard frog; and aquatic plants like the water hyacinth and water fern. The presence of exotic species becomes a threat to native biodiversity; predator-prey interactions are more competitive, loss of species integrity through inter-breeding with exotic species, the spread of disease pathogens along with introduced species and habitat loss for native species.  [3]   Only 10% of the sewage in the Philippines is treated in an environmentally friendly manner. With the population rising, there are problems associated with waste management and treatment. The improper waste management affects the countrys ground water, rivers, lakes and coastal areas where the species habitats are threatened.  [4]   Over fishing occurs when the fish are caught faster than they could reproduce. Overfishing increases the vulnerability of ocean ecosystems and may contribute to the loss of species in the region. The main issue in the Philippines involves cyanide fishing where fishermen squirt cyanide into coral holes and crevices, where reef fish seek shelter  [5]  . Other causes of over fishing include catching adult fish too early and in large numbers so the reproduction is impaired. Economic overfishing also occurs when increase in the fish effort lead to profit levels that are below the desired consumption. Environmental Impacts The impact of El Nià ±o affects Philippines biodiversity hotspots. The countrys weather officials define El Nià ±o as a meteorological event that develops in the Pacific Ocean and associated with extreme rains, winds, droughts, etc  [6]  . In the Philippines, El Nià ±o has been seen as drought events. El Nià ±o is also the sudden rise of oceanic temperature and evaporation of surface water; therefore having an effect on coral growth and sea life. Algae living inside the tissues of coral help their feeding mechanism and other processes for survival. The distress to the sudden change of temperature causes the coral to bleach. Fish no longer live inside the coral because the coral is uneatable. The drought creates dry conditions for fish ponds. The drought also creates a negative impact on marine biodiversity by shorter fish production, inhibit fish growth and increase fish mortality due to stress, poor water quality and disease. Philippines primary forests are being destroyed due to logging and agricultural expansion; therefore, decreasing the countrys natural resources. Two particular species of animals are becoming extinct; the tamaraw (the wild buffalo) and the Philippines eagle because their habitats are becoming damaged. Deforestation in the Philippines occurs because of agricultural expansion and illegal logging  [7]  . Forests provide cooling insulation to the climate but with deforestation, the climate shifts from drought into flood. The tamaraw (wild buffalo) escapes into the forest to find limited trees to cling onto. Deforestation causes species to be displaced from their original habitats and loss of top soil causing erosions affecting the habitat for endemic species. Looking back at the farming industrys use of pesticides, erosions may carry the pesticides into the rivers and streams. The water is now contaminated with pesticides affecting the endemic species which live in this habitat. The destruction of costal mangroves is also caused by deforestation. Mangroves are needed to protect the coast from hurricanes and other severe weather impacts. Cutting mangroves for fuel wood limits and degrades coral reproduction. Any endemic species living under the water are affected by losing their habitat causing a negative impact on biodiversity hotspots. Political Impacts Inadequate institutional control and poor law enforcement in the Philippines have impacted the biodiversity hotspot for endemic species. The Fisheries Code was passed in 1998 and now serves as the primary legislation for fisheries and coastal management and protection in the Philippines. The Fisheries Code fails to recognize who may access and control municipal waters for fishing activities. The Fisheries Code is a weak enforcement system which encourages poaching and violation of marine protected area boundaries. Other problems include current property rights, and local power relations to enable local public officials who own or have indirect business with the fishing industry may influence local policy and enforcement outcomes for their personal gain. Political influence enables many to obtain profitable forest profits, enhancing their political power and strengthening their ability to corrupt government officials. This class dominates the farmers and social economic policies with the results of harming the biodiversity hot spots for endemic species. The legislated operational guidelines are often under addressed on the issues that threat environmental events such as lost of biodiversity. The Forestry law of PD705 is out dated because the law does not contain new methods and approaches like biodiversity protection.  [8]   Conservation Plans The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has been working as an international organization in the Philippines since 1997. The organizations mission in the country involves preserving endemic species and biodiversity, maintaining sustainability of natural resources and reducing waste and pollutants in the environment. The organization places strong emphasis on marine biodiversity. WWF-Philippines implanted their plans in 11 provinces and at minimum 28 towns.  [9]   To ensure that the network of protected regions is effectively conserving biodiversity by the conservation of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) where endemic or threatened species are held in restricted areas. In the Philippines hotspot, Conservation International-Philippines created a partnership with the Field Museum in Chicago, Haribon Foundation and other local partners to identify and distinguish KBAs throughout the Philippines. With protected regions, there is also a need for field research in order to support conservation activities. Endemic species continue to be discovered and KBAs are needed to create a plan for their survival.  [10]   In the long term, landscape and sea conservation is necessary to protect the biodiversity hotspots in the Philippines. The Philippine Eagle Alliance has collaborated with other conservation organizations in order to protect the endemic species of the country. Conclusion In recent years, there has been a decline in biodiversity hotspots, particularly in the Philippines. Firstly, human impacts upon endemic species include deforestation, illegal logging, introducing new exotic species, poor sewage management and over fishing. Secondly, environmental impacts such as El Nià ±o, soil erosion, pesticides and destruction of coastal mangroves all affect biodiversity hotspots. Lastly, political impacts include inadequate law enforcement; especially for the fisheries and coastal management, and forestation guidelines are not influential in the protection of biodiversity hotspots in the Philippines. The impacts develop awareness of the collaboration efforts from WWF, Conservation International-Philippines, the Philippine Eagle Alliance and other conservation organizations which minimize the harm to biodiversity hotspots in the Philippines.

Motorcycle helmet law essay Essay

Michigan Motorcycle helmet lawHello, I am here today to talk to you about the Michigan Motorcycle Helmet Law. -This law permits anyone that is 21 years of age or older that has at least 20,000 dollars in heath insurance and has passed a safety course in the past 2 years to ride a motorcycle without a helmet. I am also here to persuade you that this law doesn’t have a person’s safety as the top priority. Just recently I have witnessed a motorcycle crash happen right before my eyes. My stepmother was taking a turn at only 30 mph when she locked up her breaks and crashed over the handle bars. She has been in the hospital for a little over two weeks and it is a miracle that she is in the condition that she is in, recovering from a skull fracture and bruising on the brain, She has been riding for twelve years, no other vehicles were involved, and she was wearing a helmet, if she was not wearing her helmet, I know that we wouldn’t have her with us anymore. We were hoping she would be home for the forth of July, but the medical staff still haven’t given us a go home date as of today. Studies from the National Highway administration in 2008 showed that motorcyclists who do not use helmets are three times more likely to suffer a disturbing brain injury in a crash than those who are wearing helmets. The regulations to this law are also very insufficient. 21 years of age is when adults are just allowed to start drinking. Many people that turn 21 haven’t quite learned yet how to handle alcohol or how much is too much when it comes to drinking and driving, or in this case drinking and riding. Also 20,000 dollars worth of health insurance is not nearly enough to cover medical bills caused by accidents with a helmet, let alone to be able to cover the costs of the injuries sustained without a helmet, I can’t help but think this is going to raise everyone’s insurance premiums eventually. Even if you still think not wearing a helmet is cool, take a minute to think of this, the only way for over worked understaffed police have to check if you have the proper health insurance coverage is to pull you over, this gives the police probable cause, which in turn takes up your time and the cops time. With this law in effect, death rates and injury rates have skyrocketed up to a new high. The Michigan helmet law is more about ‘freedom’ than about safety. If you want to feel the wind in your hair stand in front of a fan. If you want to get home safe wear a helmet. All in all the Michigan Motorcycle Helmet Law has caused far more bad than good. In the end, I hope that what I have told you today will persuade you to tell a friend, family member, stranger, or even to tell yourself that it is far safer to wear a helmet, than it is to go without one. Please think twice before you decide to ride without a helmet. Guarino, M. (2012, April 13). Retrieved from http://www. csmonitor. com/USA/Politics/2012/0413/Look-ma-no-helmet! -Michigan-repeals-helmet-law.

Performance Management

2. 1. 1. Literature survey and details on Performance management The central part of Performance management is rating employee’s performance as synergy. Performance management is the process through which managers ensure that employee’s activities and outputs contribute to the organization’s goals [1]. The main requirements of the process are to know what activities and output is desired, to observe whether they occur, and to provide feedback to help employees meet expectations. While taking feedback from different sources, managers and employees identify performance problems and try to resolve those problems. It provides an opportunity for the employee and performance manager to develop goals and jointly create a plan for achieving those goals. Development plans contributes to organizational goals and the professional growth of the employee. Performance Management being the most critical area of human resource management, the department relies on evaluation results in determining the soundness of much developmental decision, which have direct impact on the business surplus. The Process of Performance Management Figure 2. 1 Process of Performance Management [2] Purpose of Performance Management [2] 1. Strategic purposes – To achieve the business objective of an organization, effective performance management plays a vital role. Performance management does this help by linking employee’s behaviour with the organizational goals. It starts defining what the organization expects from each employee and at the same time it measures the performance of each employee’s to identify either the expectations are met or not. Depending upon performance measurement, the organization can take corrective action such as training, incentives or discipline. Performance management can achieve strategic purposes on the following condition. * When performance measurements are truly linked with the organizational goals. * When the goals and feedback about performance are communicated to the employees. 2. Administrative purpose – It is the way where organization uses the system to provide information for day to day decisions about salary, benefits and recognition programs. Decision making related to employee retention, termination for poor behaviour, hiring and layoffs are supported by erformance management. As the administrative decisions are supported by performance management, the information in performance appraisal can have a great impact on the future of individual employees. 3. Development purpose – It serves as basis for developing the employee’s knowledge and skills. When the employee’s met expectations they become more valuable. Employees get aware of their strength, weakness and areas of improvement by feedback of effective performance management. Tools of performance management [3] . Performance and development reviews 2. Learning and development 3. Coaching. 4. Objectives and Performance Standards 5. Competency and competencies 6. Measurement Pay 7. Team based work 8. 360 degree appraisal 9. Performance problem solving Criteria for effective performance management [1] Figure 2. 2 criteria for effective performance management [1] The aim of the performance management should be achieving employee behaviour and attitude which supports the organization goals, strategy, and culture. If the organization strategy changes the human resource personnel should help the managers assess how the performance management system should change to serve the new strategies. Example: – If a company emphasizes customer service, then its performance management system should define the kinds of behaviour that contribute to good customer service. Focus of Performance management [2] 1. Performance improvement 2. Employee development 3. Satisfying the needs and expectations of stakeholders 4. Communication and involvement Conclusion In today's management scenario Performance appraisals have become a tool of much importance. With the help of objective and fair HR practices, Performance management can prove to be the best. The outputs of which could be used for Organization development rather than for mere employee efficiency improvement. If challenged casual and subjective appraisals will not be able to stand the test of fairness and legality. Firms are thus being forced to emphasize a participative but joint management by objectives followed by a participative, joint-periodic appraisal, to bring more clarity into the system. Performance Management 2. 1. 1. Literature survey and details on Performance management The central part of Performance management is rating employee’s performance as synergy. Performance management is the process through which managers ensure that employee’s activities and outputs contribute to the organization’s goals [1]. The main requirements of the process are to know what activities and output is desired, to observe whether they occur, and to provide feedback to help employees meet expectations. While taking feedback from different sources, managers and employees identify performance problems and try to resolve those problems. It provides an opportunity for the employee and performance manager to develop goals and jointly create a plan for achieving those goals. Development plans contributes to organizational goals and the professional growth of the employee. Performance Management being the most critical area of human resource management, the department relies on evaluation results in determining the soundness of much developmental decision, which have direct impact on the business surplus. The Process of Performance Management Figure 2. 1 Process of Performance Management [2] Purpose of Performance Management [2] 1. Strategic purposes – To achieve the business objective of an organization, effective performance management plays a vital role. Performance management does this help by linking employee’s behaviour with the organizational goals. It starts defining what the organization expects from each employee and at the same time it measures the performance of each employee’s to identify either the expectations are met or not. Depending upon performance measurement, the organization can take corrective action such as training, incentives or discipline. Performance management can achieve strategic purposes on the following condition. * When performance measurements are truly linked with the organizational goals. * When the goals and feedback about performance are communicated to the employees. 2. Administrative purpose – It is the way where organization uses the system to provide information for day to day decisions about salary, benefits and recognition programs. Decision making related to employee retention, termination for poor behaviour, hiring and layoffs are supported by erformance management. As the administrative decisions are supported by performance management, the information in performance appraisal can have a great impact on the future of individual employees. 3. Development purpose – It serves as basis for developing the employee’s knowledge and skills. When the employee’s met expectations they become more valuable. Employees get aware of their strength, weakness and areas of improvement by feedback of effective performance management. Tools of performance management [3] . Performance and development reviews 2. Learning and development 3. Coaching. 4. Objectives and Performance Standards 5. Competency and competencies 6. Measurement Pay 7. Team based work 8. 360 degree appraisal 9. Performance problem solving Criteria for effective performance management [1] Figure 2. 2 criteria for effective performance management [1] The aim of the performance management should be achieving employee behaviour and attitude which supports the organization goals, strategy, and culture. If the organization strategy changes the human resource personnel should help the managers assess how the performance management system should change to serve the new strategies. Example: – If a company emphasizes customer service, then its performance management system should define the kinds of behaviour that contribute to good customer service. Focus of Performance management [2] 1. Performance improvement 2. Employee development 3. Satisfying the needs and expectations of stakeholders 4. Communication and involvement Conclusion In today's management scenario Performance appraisals have become a tool of much importance. With the help of objective and fair HR practices, Performance management can prove to be the best. The outputs of which could be used for Organization development rather than for mere employee efficiency improvement. If challenged casual and subjective appraisals will not be able to stand the test of fairness and legality. Firms are thus being forced to emphasize a participative but joint management by objectives followed by a participative, joint-periodic appraisal, to bring more clarity into the system. Performance Management Every organisation aspiring to achieve success by extending its wings from the mother country to a host country has to put into consideration certain pertinent issues that govern assimilation of the organizational culture into the existing political and socio-economic structures of the host country. The fundamental is an organisation aspiring to put up a new site in a foreign country, that is, China. Based on the survey and group discussion findings, the Managing Director seems to make assumptions that can dearly cost the organisation its success. For instance based on issues to do with the organizational background, the Managing Director has to put into keen consideration issues like the differences between China and the UK in terms of political structures, socio-cultural and economic issues, geographical advantage among others. For example every country has a political structure that differs from others in a way though by some aspects there could be some similarities. Another issue is the socio-economic structures which work together with the political system of a country. A country with capitalistic principles is totally different from a country whose system embraces communism. An organisation from a capitalistic country (with a capitalistic orientation) will find problems operation in a host country that embraces communism. This is because it has to source for manpower from the country and the success of an organisation is majorly determined by the dedication of the personnel or manpower. Therefore the Managing Director is expected to put into consideration these factors. Maybe to ensure progression of the organisation culture and way of operation, certain key positions have to be occupied by experts from the mother organisations to aid steer the branch into prosperity. The geographical location of an organisation is crucial in determining its success. This will be taken to refer to advantage or benefits it reaps by being close to other powerful economies or near an extensive market which would ensure obvious success. This might not be a serious issues since fundamental in UK wound reap similar benefits as fundamental China because both offers good market. However, issues to do with purchasing power, tastes and preferences and also cultural issues that determine whether the immediate population will accept the products offered or not should be considered. Other issues have to do with the quality of manpower in China compared to UK since it would be cheaper to work with local manpower than imported expertise. This is due to effects cost of production which might affect the profitability of the organizational operations. About the survey carried out and the group discussions held I would say that this was a smart move to seek to understand crucial issues concerning activities in the organisation, attitudes and perceptions of the personnel. Picking on the findings I would say that the parameters used were the most appropriate. They touched most of the crucial issues concerning the relationship between the management and the employees. Thorough, investigation would be required to ascertain the claims posed by the employees. On technology the managements should ensure utilization of modern technology to better productivity rather than surveillance and monitoring and manipulation of employee activities in the firm to the advantage of the management and at the expense of employee convenience and satisfaction. This would boost trust and help cultivate a culture of hard work, efficiency and effectiveness at work. On health, any screening or medical tests should be designed in a way to erase the already conceived idea of discrimination. It should be done in a way that will convince the employees that it is for further privileges in health care facilities offered by the organisation. If no health care service or privileges are offered the organisation will lack a way of convincing its employees. On morale, as much as the company appeals for unity it should cultivate the same by making the employees feel part of the organisation. A situation whereby the management is detached from the rest of the organisation the senior personnel enjoys privileges and opportunities that the juniors and other employees do not, staff morale is expected to be low. All programmes should be aimed at motivating the employees to work and hard since they feel part of the system. Too much bureaucracy would temper with proper running of the organisation’s productive processes. On communication, there should be constant contact between the management and the employees. As cited earlier too much bureaucracy stagnates processes. The employee would be bored and demoralized if all the time they have to communicate their views, they have to pass through a long process and through intimidating situations. The senior management is supposed to keep moving around not exactly to monitor operations but to create a friendly atmosphere between the management and the employees. Cultural change in an organisation is only achieved by ensuring structures are put up to achieve the set goals. The management should feel socially responsible to the employees. The goals set should be achievable and the organisation should provide an enabling environment to help the employees achieve the set objective. The manner in which this survey was conducted was proper for problem solving and ensuring changes in the culture of the organisation. An organisation grows and for it to attain progress in its growth it has to employ proper strategies in role administration. Proper communication, good leadership and organizational skills boost the morale of the employees a great deal. Good leadership and utilization of proper channels of communication ensures enhancement of self-confidence among the employees. Think of a situation whereby employees are viewed as desperate people who have no choice other than to keep on working there. The managers use intimidating language and they keep commandeering the employees every now and then. There is not direct contact between the juniors and the seniors. This makes the employees shrink back, never express their views and opinions and that would be a looming disaster in the organisation. At times it even leads to strikes or go slows. Lack of accountability by the management is another indicator of poor organisation leadership. Transparency and accountability are leadership skills, every manager must have. Employees are grown ups and they should always be let to know why things happen the way they do in the organisation. They should be kept aware of the progress or problems and challenges experienced by the organisation. Still on leadership the employees should be encouraged to exploit their full potential. Means should be provided for self exploitation and the organisation should encourage the employees to be committed to their work. Patriotism, commitment and loyalty to the organisation will not be brought about by a whip, rather it will be a product of good governance in the organisation. Staff or employee motivation is the ultimate goal that can be achieved by an organisation. When proper communication is done and other good leadership skills are inculcated in the management circles, then morale will be boosted among employees of the organisation and a motivated labour force can make tremendous achievements. The benefits an organisation can derive from good governance and proper communication include a committed labour force. Employees will have their minds geared on achieving organizational goals. Secondly the organisation will not have to replace employees when they run away from the organisation. It will also not incur more cost in training new employees or staffs. Employees will not absent themselves on flimsy grounds just to get off the boring place and employees will not suffer from stress related complications due to working under tight conditions. Morale will be boosted and everyone will feel obligated to ensure the success of the organisation. The employees are also likely to unleash their full potentials leading to high creativity and innovativeness and therefore the organisation will incur low costs of acquiring expertise from outside. This ensures also quality production and all these combined will reduce the cost of production and boost profits. This creates a culture that is value based, organizational ethics are adhered to and conflicts are minimized. Generally, this enhances unity of purpose and all the employees are geared towards achieving a common objective. If the management considers this, it prevents a looming management disaster. No organisation can progress without putting these factors into consideration. Fundamental should undertake expansion programmes by cultivating such a spirit. It does not matter what socio-economic set up employees come from; all human beings work efficiently and effectively where managers of work are realistic and reasonable. A work force that embarks on stress management cannot ensure progress in an organisation. Every organisation has a culture. Organizational culture has much to do with the values held dear by the organisation, the attitudes of both the management and the employees and the general behaviour of the workers in the organisation which is a manifestation of the values upheld and embraced by the organisation. Let us dissect this issue of organizational behaviour. Behaviour is shaped among other things by motivation. A motivated work force feels proud of their work places and the organisation. They will report to work early and they will have a reason to buy a couple of minutes in the organisation later after day’s period of work elapses. They keep talking about the organisation and would love to be associated with it. Behaviour is also influenced by work performance. An organisation that has hit the headlines for its performance makes the employees feel proud of it. Even other companies envy it to cross over to it by offering better remunerations. An organisation that offers equal opportunities and allows juniors to enjoy privileges enjoyed by the seniors will have employees who are motivated, proud and committed. A well motivated work force exhibits good group dynamics. An organisation has different operations and departments. Each section works as a group and all the sections work as one achieving great heights. Behaviour is a product of the culture of an organisation. Culture in an organisation is developed through strategies. This involves unity of purpose, team work, problem solving, creativity and innovation, profit maximization, accountability among other things. An organisation with a good culture ensures first of all team work spirit is inherent in its structures. This most assuredly enhances quality, effectiveness and efficient productive processes, better human resource development and allocation of resources which boosts its publicity. Team spirit also ensures that the work force is receptive to other better ideas. New issues keeps emerging in trade circles and a non-receptive labour force would cause a serious failure in productive processes of an organisation. A culture that is aimed at problem solving one of the best fault finding, pointing accusing fingers at people only results to more chaos. Man is to error though it should not be deliberate. But whenever a problem arises among the employees or if at all differences arise between management and the employees it should be tackled in a manner that it would result to a settlement of the dispute. I would recommend the Fundamental for working towards this end. A good culture also ensures an integrated and collaborative training and learning. This imparts similar skills at all levels and ensures effectiveness and efficiency at all levels. Opportunities should always be equitably distributed and on merit so that employees are also encouraged to their best. Of great importance is development of communication systems within the organisation and between the organisation and the outside which is the society. An organisation publicizes itself by ensuring proper flow of information. This is besides quality products and proper waste disposal. Though our main interest is human resource development all these issues come in to determine organizational performance. There are myriad of ethical issues concerning firms or organisations. However, we will embark on ethical issues concerning human resource management. Failure of an organisation to ensure ethical working conditions could definitely lead to failure of organisation to achieve its goals. For instance work force that is forced to work in risky areas and in pathetic conditions will not deliver. For instance it is unethical to put workers in a section of production where machines produce a lot of noise and you fail to provide ear masks. It is also unethical to put worker in unhygienic conditions. Working environment should ensure safety and high health conditions. Remuneration should be properly done. It is unhealthy to seek certain favours as a manager inorder to promote or offer certain privileges. It is also unethical to force someone to compromise their cultural and religious values. All employees manhandling juniors by management and general failure by management to communicate effectively to the juniors is unethical. It is worth noting that loopsided decision making is not in accordance to the corporate or business’s code of ethics. All organisations should ensure that ethical issues are adequately addressed to ensure organisational’s success. Performance Management CMIChartered Management Institute Diploma in Management and Leadership UNIT S8003 – Performance Management Julie RowcliffeNovember 2012 Task 1 A. C. 1. 1 Explain the links between Individual, team and organisational objectives A. C. 1. 2 Identify the selection of and agree individual and team objectives A. C. 1. 3 Identify and agree areas of individual and team responsibility in achieving objectives Introduction Edinburgh College is going through major change at the moment with the merger of 3 Edinburgh College’s coming together.Our new principal is in place and is currently setting the new management structure and organisational objectives for the next 5 years. Edinburgh College must find alternative ways of securing income due to huge cuts made from the Funding Council. The Government has made a commitment to provide 25000 apprenticeships throughout Scotland for 16 – 24 years old but predominantly 16 – 19 year olds. There is a huge pressure from the Gove rnment for College’s to engage in these programmes which will in turn bring new funded money into the college which will soften the shortfall from the Funding Council.Using the 7 stages based on â€Å"Plan-Do-See† (hand out from Annette) I will discuss and identify Task 1 1. 1 Check Vision 1. 2 Establish Vision 1. 3 Check Vision 1. 4 Establish Vision 5. 1 Self Appraisal 5. 2 Performance appraisal 5. 3 Confirm appraisal results 5. 1 Self Appraisal 5. 2 Performance appraisal 5. 3 Confirm appraisal results 2. 1 Draw up preliminary strategic objectives 2. Create strategy map 2. 1 Draw up preliminary strategic objectives 2. 2 Create strategy map 4. 1 Check Progress 4. 2 Find ways for improvement 4. 1 Check Progress 4. 2 Find ways for improvement 3. 1 Specify Performance Indicators 3. 2 Set Weight 3. 3 Specify and distribute initiatives 3. Agree on performance goals 3. 1 Specify Performance Indicators 3. 2 Set Weight 3. 3 Specify and distribute initiatives 3. 4 Agree on pe rformance goals Job analysis Job analysis Job appraisal Job appraisal Vision Clarification 1. 1 Check Vision With a new college and new principal and changes to the way funding is granted to college’s, there must be a new vision put in place. . 2 Establish Vision To increase and provide opportunities for 16 – 19 year old Modern Apprenticeship programmes across a wide range of vocational areas. For Edinburgh College to succeed in doing this we must diversify into new areas to help this area grow. The government is driving their commitment for college provision for 16 – 24 year olds; therefore the college cannot ignore this directive from the Government. From a college aspect this has potential to draw several million pounds direct from the Government.Strategic Objectives establishment 2. 1 Draw up preliminary strategic Objectives As Modern Apprenticeship Coordinator I must set clear objectives and ensure each individual involved is clear of their role to achieve these Objectives. These objectives include, ensuring contract are filled with apprentices, ensuring tutors and assessors provide excellent training and mentoring to â€Å"keep them on board† which in turn will achieve the objective of full funding claimed and brought into the college. 2. Create strategy Map A strategy map represents how an organisation creates value. A strategy describes how an organisation can create sustained value for its shareholders, customer and communities. Using Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton STRATEGY MAPS THE COMPLETE SUMMARY would help me set clear Strategic Objectives Performance goal establishment 3. 1 Specify Performance Indicators The goal is to ensure all apprentices achieve their qualification and maximise full funding available. 3. 2 Set WeightI would meet with assessors individually and put in place a performance goal agreement. I would use Skills Development Scotland’s benchmark % rate to monitor performance. 3. 3 Specify and d istribute initiatives I would meet with all staff involved and ensure full clarity of responsibilities was understood. As MA Coordinator I would survey on going initiatives and look at development of new initiatives and distribute any new initiatives with full discussion of all staff. 3. 4 Agree on Performance goalsI would meet individually with assessors confirm what was expected to be achieved and set quarterly targets and meetings to discuss these goals, this would link up with their performance goal agreement. Monitoring and coaching 4. 1 Check Progress We have internal verifiers (IV’s) within the department who check all apprentice portfolios monthly; we also have external verifiers (EV’s) who come into the college every 6 months to ensure we are delivering in line with the awarding body rules. This helps to ensure we are delivering high quality training.I meet regularly with IV’s to discuss individual apprentices which allows me to see progress. 4. 2 Find ways for improvement I would observe staff’s work, listen carefully to staff and their views and questions and give them feedback on ways of improvement, possibly mentoring another assessor if there is a weakness in an area that another excels in and close regular meetings to provide support. Performance appraisal 5. 1 Self Appraisal I would collect performance records from various sources look at achievement rates and prepare performance results and supporting documents. 5. 2 Performance AppraisalI would have a one to one meeting with individuals do discuss performance and would use SDS’s benchmark % performance to calculate how successful their performance is this again would be linked back to their performance goal agreement. 5. 3 Confirm Appraisal results This would be done in a one to one meeting with recorded notes of appraisal results and feedback with any actions required. Job Appraisal These are carried out by way of Staff Development Reviews (SDR’s) or Performance Development Reviews (PDR’s) these are used for staff with income responsibilities within Edinburgh College.These reviews are carried out yearly by managers and their staff, objectives and goals are measured from the previous year where they were set and are looked at and graded as; achieved, partially achieved or not achieved. Job Analysis At this stage, the essence of jobs (accountabilities) within an organization is clarified, and major activities and necessary capabilities are defined to achieve such accountabilities. This would be done by looking at job descriptions and work activities within that role. Task 2 A. C. 1. Identify the need to create an environment of trust and support with others A. C. 2. 2 Identify the causes of conflict and describe strategies to minimise or prevent conflict As MA Coordinator it is my role to ensure staff feel supported and clearly understand their roles within the department. To create an environment of trust thee must be exc ellent communication by way of regular meetings, encouragement, and giving recognition for achieving goals which is a motivational factor from Herzberg’s motivators and hygiene factors, (Herzberg – The Motivation to Work 1959).This allows for a more harmonious working environment as everyone is clear on their own individual responsibilities and goals. As a manager I must present information clearly, concisely, accurately and in ways that promote understanding. Conflict can arise when there is lack of clarity in roles or staff do not understand fully what is expected of them, equally there are other factors which can cause conflict which can be a direct effect of bad communication between myself and staff or lack of training, poor supervision, working conditions which are hygiene factors ofHerzberg’s motivators and hygiene factors. Using the chart below taken from Pathways to Management and Leadership, Diploma in Management Unit C45 I will show an example of how conflict can arise and ways of preventing this. The right skills and the knowledge| +| Motivation to do the job| +| The necessary resources| =| Objectives Achieved| Clerical in The funding Unit has responsibility for checking apprentice quarterly reviews are completed properly and sent out to employers on time in line with SDS rules. These reviews are sent on to employers to show how apprentices are progressing with college training.One to one training given to clerical from MA Coordinator explaining what is required. Clerical already deals with outside Training Providers reviews therefore her experience and knowledge of what is required is essential to reviews being completed accurately and within time deadlines. | +| Receiving positive feedback and comments from employers shows this is a worthwhile exercise and not just a ‘tick box’ exercise. This makes the clerical feel this is a valuable job worth doing. A new rule was brought in by SDS that they required to see any absences recorded on the review form.MA coordinator communicated this to the assessor and tutors who carry out the reviews through an e mail but only some read the e mail and this was not put in place in time for the next set of reviews. I then spoke to the clerical and explained this in a casual conversation but the clerical did not realise this had to start immediately. Reviews were then carried out and sent out to employers without this information. This caused conflict between me and the clerical as she felt she hadn’t been properly/officially told about this.We agreed monthly one to one meetings would be set up to go through the review process and ensure this did not occur again. MA Coordinator took full responsibility for this not being implemented when it should have been. It was also agreed to hold monthly meeting with assessors and tutors to ensure all were made away of the ever changing rules SDS create and although e mails should still be sent this could not be th e only form of communication with such important matters. | +| MA Coordinator secured 10 hours of extra clerical help to manage this process.This was done by putting a business case forward to the Vice Principal and HR. | =| Objective was achieved as quarterly reviews were sent on time to employer and apprentice. These are recorded on spreadsheet and copies kept in apprentice portfolio. Employers happy to see progress at college and SDS compliance rules were met. | Task 3 A. C. 2. 1 Evaluate and assess individual and team performance against objectives A. C. 2. 2 Identify methods of providing feedback to individuals and teams on performance A. C. 2. Explain recording systems for performance assessment for individuals or teams Using SMART objectives (Performance Management Key Strategies and Practical guidelines, Michael Armstrong) allow me to look at how we can achieve our main objective within the Funding Unit, which is to ensure the contracted places allocated to Edinburgh College are fulfilled and the contract value met. Element| How does the objective include this element| Specific| To fulfil contract places granted by the government and ensure full contract value is met. Measureable| This is measured by the amount of apprentices that are started on the Modern Apprenticeship programme within the college and also measured against the monetary value on the contract. | Achievable| This is achievable by assessors and MA Coordinator engaging with employers and selling the Apprenticeship programme to them. | Relevant| This is extremely relevant as the college is pressurised through the Government initiative to commit to 25,000 apprentices across Scotland in 2012. The funding council see this as a way of colleges bringing in income to cover for the shortfall of funding from the funding council. Timescaled| Contracts from SDS are bid for on a yearly basis, March to March. If contracts are not fulfilled colleges are in danger of losing this income. | In order for t he target to be met assessors must understand when units need to be achieved with apprentices so this can be converted into monetary value. This process involves assessors, tutors and me. Using a complex spreadsheet (see below) which holds information on the qualification the apprentice is following, the monetary value against each individual as this iffers depending on qualification, the actual month these must be achieved and the overall performance of the contract can be assessed using this spreadsheet. SDS has an online system called Corporate Training System (CTS) that all Training Providers must use to record and claim all progress on apprentices. SDS set % Performance benchmarks that must be met to allow future contracts to be secured. This is another way I can monitor performance of the contract. This is based on new starts and leavers to achievers.I send the spreadsheet weekly to assessors prior to our weekly meetings to discuss the progress of individual apprentices and lo ok at any potential apprentices who are not achieving. I would arrange a meeting between me the assessor and apprentice to try and find ways of supporting the apprentice, the offer of extra support through means of Edinburgh College’s Student Support Services are often taken up by apprentice with various tools to help assist them, e. g. extra time on exams or extra material given to help self study.Good performance management is achieved through all parties ensuring that: Staff know what is expected of them, every one clear about goals and works towards them, objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time related), a system exists to accommodate day to day performance feedback (spreadsheet above) and Staff Development Reviews are used to help self development and improve performance. The spreadsheet records performance of each individual which in turn shows me how each assessor and apprentice is performing. Another form of performance assessment cou ld be the 360 degree (http://cipd. o. uk/factsheets/360-degree-feedback. aspx) assessment which allows for performance feedback for a person, team, or organization by many of the people who work with a person or team in that organization. When employees receive feedback only from their managers, they act on limited information. If employees receive feedback from other co-workers — a 360 ° feedback assessment — they gain a more complete picture of performance. Using this method I could adopt questions for the apprentice, assessor and myself to look at how they see themselves performing.This could allow me to analyse each score and discuss any issues before the problem arises. For example a question on how an apprentice thinks he is progressing could show different to how an assessor perceives this. TASK 4 A. C. 3. 1Explain a performance improvement cycle A. C. 3. 2 Discuss the indicators of poor performance A. C. 3. 3 Evaluate methods that support performance improvem ent There are many different variations to the performance improvement process, but most follow a version of the PDCA cycle: plan, do, check, act.The â€Å"plan† part involves identifying the nature of the problem, obtaining the resources to fix it and determining the best way to implement change. The â€Å"do† part is the actual changing of an existing process. The â€Å"check† part involves measuring key performance indicators to ensure that the new process is performing as expected. The â€Å"act† part includes making changes to the change in order to make the underlying process as efficient as possible. Using the management cycle (Performance Management, Michael Armstrong) below works as a continuous process to manage performance. Plan Plan Act Act Review Review MonitorMonitor Plan – To ensure all places on the SDS contract are filled within the one year time frame given by SDS Act – Meet with tutors and assessors to discuss their input, commitment and responsibilities Monitor – Achieved through monitoring of new starts on MA programmes Review – Look at ways of reviewing this with regular assessor meetings Part of the assessor’s responsibilities is to recruit apprentices and find suitable employers willing to employ them and allow them to attend college to achieve their qualification. As MA Coordinator I was aware one of the new assessors was not achieving targets and goals set.Several meetings had taken place between me and the member of staff and he eventually indicated lack of time and full understanding of SDS and MA rules were hindering his achievement rate, he also indicated he felt I did not give him enough information to carry out this aspect of his role. He brought up a situation where he had recruited an apprentice who was 20 and the contract only allows 16 – 19 year olds, he felt he should have been made aware of such a relevant rule. He also felt uncomfortable about speaking to employers as he sees this as a ‘sales pitch’.I had given him a set of the SDS rules and wrongly assumed he would read through these and ask any questions he was unsure of but due to time constraints he had not done this. I recognised a need to spend more time with this assessor and look at ways to ensure he was aware of all rules to enable him to achieve his goals. I set up regular meetings between myself and a more experienced assessor, which allowed the experienced assessor to share good practice and tips with this member of staff. I organised for the assessor to shadow the more experienced assessor on going out and visiting employers.I also set up staff development with our commercial department who have a sales aspect responsibility within the college; he worked closely with one of the sales staff on going out visiting employers and seeing firsthand how to enhance his sales skills. I introduced an information sheet which the assessor could take with him to employ ers which gave him a starting point when going into speak with employers. I also introduced a financial bonus scheme to both employers and apprentices as I recognised employers had no real incentive to take on apprentices.Within 1 month or setting this up the assessor had filled all his places on his programme. TASK 5 A. C. 4. 1 Discuss the organisations disciplinary and grievance procedures A. C. 4. 2 Identify the role of the manager in both the disciplinary and grievance procedure A. C. 4. 3 Summarise the key aspects of legislation that applies to an organisations disciplinary and grievance procedures Disciplinary rules and procedures help to promote orderly employment relations as well as fairness and consistency in the treatment of individuals. Disciplinary procedures are also a legal requirement.Disciplinary rules tell employees what behaviour employers expect from them. If an employee breaks specific rules about behaviour, this is often called misconduct. Employers use discipl inary procedures and actions to deal with situations where employees allegedly break disciplinary rules. Disciplinary procedures may also be used where employees don’t meet their employer’s expectations in the way they do their job. These cases, often known as unsatisfactory performance (or capability), may require different treatment from misconduct, and disciplinary procedures should allow for this. http://www. acas. org. uk) Within Edinburgh College the Grievance and Disciplinary policy was updated in January 2010 and will run through to January 2014 this is approved by the Joint Trade Unions and Senior Management. (See appendix 1) In Edinburgh College all line managers have a responsibility to deal with Grievance and Disciplinary matters. In many cases formal disciplinary action can be avoided if the line manager tackles the problem with their staff as quickly as possible, e. g. poor timekeeping, poor relations with colleagues, improper use of telephone and or inte rnet etc..This could be improved through discussion rather than through formal disciplinary procedures. Problems dealt with early enough can be ‘nipped in the bud’ if acted upon firmly and fairly with the emphasis on counselling the individual that their behaviour is not up to the standard and must improve. Although informal the meeting must be recorded along with what was discussed at the meeting and any agreement reached. If however the employee is not satisfied with the outcome then formal procedure should be initiated.If formal procedures need to be initiated there are 2 stages within Edinburgh College’s Grievance and Dispute Policy and Procedure that must be adhered to, firstly Stage 1 where the employee should submit a formal, written statement of the grievance (appendix 2) to their line manager. If this relates to their line manager it should be given to the next senior manager. A meeting will take place within 5 working days, if another meeting is require d after this, it should also happen within a 5 days of previous meeting. The employee will be notified in writing within 5 days.If agreement is not reached the employee will be advised of their right to appeal the decision in terms of Stage 2 of this Policy and Procedure. Stage 2 will only be initiated if a resolve was not found. The employee would then submit a written appeal to the Principal within 10 working days of the outcome from Stage 1. All previous documents will be available for the Principal and employee prior to the meeting. Once the Stage 2 meeting has taken place the outcome will be notified in writing to all parties no later than five working days.The Principals decision will be final. On 6 April 2009, the new ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures came into force. The current legislation on dismissal and grievance procedures introduced in 2004 was replaced by a far simpler, but not legally binding code. The new Code will provide guidance for e mployers and employees to handle disciplinary and grievance situations that arise in the workplace. â€Å"Employers and employees should always endeavor to resolve disciplinary and grievance matters informally in the workplace.The Code provides a standard of reasonable behaviour to help them to do this,† says Lauren Harkin, Solicitor in the Employment Law team at Lemon&Co Solicitor. However management within an organisation will adhere to statutory rules and lawyers would argue the interpretation (quote from Scott Charles Forbes, solicitor, Miscarriage of Justice Organisation) To summarise Disciplinary and Grievance procedures are frameworks which provide clear and transparent structures for dealing with difficulties which may arise as part of the working relationship from either the employer’s or employee’s perspective.They are necessary to ensure that everybody is treated in the same way in similar circumstances, to ensure issues are dealt with fairly and reas onably, and that employers are compliant with current legislation and follow the Acas Code of Practice for handling disciplinary and grievance issues. Disciplinary procedures are needed to: * let employees know what is expected of them in terms of standards of performance or conduct (and the likely consequences of continued failure to meet these standards). identify obstacles to individuals achieving the required standards (for example training needs, lack of clarity of job requirements, additional support needed) and to enable employers to take appropriate action. * enable employers and employees agree suitable goals and timescales for improvement in an individual's performance or conduct. * try to resolve matters without recourse to an employment tribunal. * act as a point of reference for an employment tribunal should someone make a complaint about the way they have been dismissed.Grievance procedures are needed to: * provide individuals with a course of action if they have a com plaint (which they are unable to resolve through regular communication with their line manager). * provide points of contact and timescales to resolve issues of concern. * try to resolve matters without recourse to an employment tribunal. References | Appendix 1| Appendix 2| Armstrong, M (2006) Performance Management Key Strategies and Practical Guidelines| Existing Motor Vehicle Projection Sheet 2012 – 2013|Forbes, SC Solicitor, Miscarriage of Justice Organisation| Harkin, L Solicitor in the Employment Law team at Lemon ; Co Solicitor| Herzberg, The Motivation to Work 1959 http://www. acas. org. uk| http://cipd. co. uk/factsheets/360-degree-feedback. aspx| Kaplan, R S and Norton, D P, Strategy Maps The Complete Summary| Pathways to Management and Leadership, Diploma in Management Unit C45 | The 7 stages based on â€Å"Plan-Do-See† (hand out from Annette)|